Zinthu zovuta, monga kukula kwa kufunikira kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, kusinthasintha kwa mitengo ya mafuta ndi mavuto a nyengo, zapangitsa mayiko ambiri kuchita njira yosinthira kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Makampani amafuta apadziko lonse lapansi akhala akuyesetsa kukhala patsogolo pamakampaniwa, koma njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira mpweya wochepa wa kaboni ndi zosiyana: Makampani aku Europe akupanga mwamphamvu mphamvu ya mphepo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, photovoltaic, hydrogen ndi mphamvu zina zongowonjezwdwanso, pomwe makampani aku America akuwonjezera kapangidwe ka kaboni ndi kusungira (CCS) ndi ukadaulo wina woipa wa kaboni, ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana pamapeto pake zidzasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ndi mphamvu yosinthira mpweya wochepa wa kaboni. Kuyambira mu 2022, makampani akuluakulu amafuta apadziko lonse lapansi apanga mapulani atsopano potengera kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi omwe amapeza mpweya wochepa wa kaboni ndi mapulojekiti oyika ndalama mwachindunji chaka chatha.
Kupanga mphamvu ya haidrojeni kwakhala mgwirizano wa makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi amafuta.
Ndi gawo lofunika komanso lovuta pakusintha mphamvu zoyendera, ndipo mafuta oyendera opanda mpweya woipa komanso opanda mpweya wambiri amakhala chinsinsi cha kusintha mphamvu. Monga poyambira posintha kayendedwe, mphamvu ya haidrojeni imayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi makampani apadziko lonse lapansi amafuta.
Mu Januwale chaka chino, Total Energy idalengeza kuti igwirizana ndi makampani odziwika padziko lonse lapansi opanga mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso Masdar ndi Siemens Energy Company kuti apange ndikupanga malo owonetsera hydrogen wobiriwira kuti agwiritse ntchito mafuta oyendera ndege okhazikika ku Abu Dhabi, ndikulimbikitsa kuthekera kwamalonda kwa hydrogen wobiriwira ngati mafuta ofunikira kuti achotse mpweya wa carbon dioxide m'tsogolo. Mu Marichi, Total Energy idasaina mgwirizano ndi Daimler Trucks Co., Ltd. kuti ipange limodzi njira yoyendera zachilengedwe zamagalimoto olemera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito hydrogen, ndikulimbikitsa kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide m'misewu ku EU. Kampaniyo ikukonzekera kuyendetsa malo okwana 150 odzaza mafuta a hydrogen mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina ku Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg ndi France pofika chaka cha 2030.
Pan Yanlei, CEO wa Total Energy, anati kampaniyo ili okonzeka kupanga haidrojeni yobiriwira pamlingo waukulu, ndipo bungwe la oyang'anira likufunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za kampaniyo kuti lifulumizitse njira yogwiritsira ntchito haidrojeni yobiriwira. Komabe, poganizira mtengo wamagetsi, cholinga cha chitukuko sichidzakhala ku Europe.
Bp yafika pa mgwirizano ndi Oman kuti iwonjezere ndalama zambiri ku Oman, kukulitsa mafakitale atsopano ndi luso laukadaulo, kuphatikiza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ndi haidrojeni wobiriwira pogwiritsa ntchito bizinesi ya gasi lachilengedwe, ndikulimbikitsa cholinga cha Oman chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa za kaboni. Bp imanganso malo osungira haidrojeni mumzinda ku Aberdeen, Scotland, ndikumanga malo opangira, kusungira ndi kugawa haidrojeni wobiriwira m'magawo atatu.
Pulojekiti yayikulu kwambiri ya Shell yopangira haidrojeni yobiriwira yapangidwa ku China. Pulojekitiyi ili ndi imodzi mwazipangizo zazikulu kwambiri zopangira haidrojeni kuchokera m'madzi opangidwa ndi ma elekitironi padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapereka haidrojeni yobiriwira yamagalimoto amafuta a haidrojeni ku Zhangjiakou Division panthawi ya Masewera a Olimpiki a M'nyengo Yozizira ku Beijing mu 2022. Shell yalengeza mgwirizano ndi GTT France kuti ipange pamodzi ukadaulo watsopano womwe ungathe kuyendetsa haidrojeni yamadzimadzi, kuphatikiza kapangidwe koyambirira ka chonyamulira cha haidrojeni yamadzimadzi. Pakusintha kwa mphamvu, kufunikira kwa haidrojeni kudzawonjezeka, ndipo makampani otumiza katundu ayenera kukwaniritsa kunyamula haidrojeni yamadzimadzi, komwe kumathandiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa unyolo wopikisana wamafuta a haidrojeni.
Ku United States, Chevron ndi Iwatani adalengeza mgwirizano wokhazikitsa ndi kumanga malo 30 odzaza mafuta a hydrogen ku California pofika chaka cha 2026. ExxonMobil ikukonzekera kumanga fakitale ya hydrogen yabuluu ku Baytown Refining and Chemical Complex ku Texas, komanso nthawi yomweyo kumanga imodzi mwa mapulojekiti akuluakulu a CCS padziko lonse lapansi.
Saudi Arabia ndi National Petroleum Corporation (PTT) ku Thailand agwirizana kuti apange minda ya hydrogen yabuluu ndi hydrogen yobiriwira ndikupititsa patsogolo mapulojekiti ena amagetsi oyera.
Makampani akuluakulu amafuta padziko lonse lapansi afulumizitsa chitukuko cha mphamvu ya haidrojeni, alimbikitsa mphamvu ya haidrojeni kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa mphamvu, ndipo angabweretse kusintha kwatsopano kwa mphamvu.
Makampani amafuta aku Europe akufulumizitsa kapangidwe ka mphamvu zatsopano
Makampani amafuta aku Europe akufunitsitsa kupanga magwero atsopano a mphamvu monga hydrogen, photovoltaic ndi mphamvu ya mphepo.
Boma la US lakhazikitsa cholinga chomanga mphamvu ya mphepo ya 30 GW yakunja kwa dziko pofika chaka cha 2030, zomwe zakopa opanga mapulogalamu kuphatikizapo makampani akuluakulu a mphamvu ku Europe kuti achite nawo mpikisanowu. Total Energy yapambana mpikisano wa pulojekiti ya mphamvu ya mphepo ya 3 GW pagombe la New Jersey, ndipo ikukonzekera kuyamba kupanga mu 2028, ndipo yakhazikitsa mgwirizano wopanga mphamvu ya mphepo yakunja kwa dziko pamlingo waukulu ku United States. Bp yasayina mgwirizano ndi Norwegian National Oil Company kuti isinthe South Brooklyn Marine Terminal ku New York kukhala malo ogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza makampani opanga mphamvu ya mphepo yakunja kwa dziko.
Ku Scotland, Total Energy yapambana ufulu wopanga pulojekiti yamagetsi amphepo yakunja yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 2 GW, yomwe idzapangidwa pamodzi ndi Green Investment Group (GIG) ndi Scottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG). Ndipo bp EnBW yapambananso mpikisano wa pulojekiti yamagetsi amphepo yakunja kugombe lakum'mawa kwa Scotland. Mphamvu yomwe ikukonzekera kuyikidwa ndi 2.9 GW, yokwanira kupereka magetsi oyera kwa mabanja opitilira 3 miliyoni. Bp ikukonzekeranso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana yogulitsa magetsi oyera opangidwa ndi mafamu amphepo yakunja ku netiweki yoyatsira magalimoto amagetsi ya kampaniyo ku Scotland. Mabungwe awiri ogwirizana ndi Shell Scottish Power Company adapezanso ziphaso ziwiri zoyendetsera mapulojekiti amagetsi oyandama ku Scotland, okhala ndi mphamvu ya 5 GW.
Ku Asia, bp igwirizana ndi Marubeni, kampani yopanga magetsi amphepo ku Japan, kuti itenge nawo mbali pakupereka ndalama zogulira magetsi amphepo ku Japan, ndipo ikhazikitsa gulu la anthu opanga magetsi amphepo ku Tokyo. Shell idzalimbikitsa pulojekiti yamagetsi amphepo oyandama a 1.3 GW ku South Korea. Shell idagulanso Sprng Energy of India kudzera mu kampani yake yogulitsa ndalama kumayiko ena, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa makampani opanga magetsi amphepo ndi dzuwa omwe akukula mwachangu ku India. Shell idati kugula kwakukulu kumeneku kwalimbikitsa kuti ikhale njira yosinthira mphamvu zonse.
Ku Australia, Shell idalengeza pa 1 February kuti yamaliza kugula kampani yogulitsa magetsi ku Australia yotchedwa Powershop, yomwe idakulitsa ndalama zake mu zinthu zopanda mpweya komanso zopanda mpweya woipa ku Australia. Malinga ndi lipoti la kotala loyamba la 2022, Shell idapezanso gawo la 49% mu kampani yopanga magetsi ya ku Australia yotchedwa Zephyr Energy, ndipo ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa bizinesi yopanga magetsi opanda mpweya woipa ku Australia.
Pankhani ya mphamvu ya dzuwa, Total Energy idagula SunPower, kampani yaku America, ndi ndalama zokwana US$250 miliyoni kuti ikulitse bizinesi yake yopanga magetsi ku United States. Kuphatikiza apo, Total yakhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi Nippon Oil Company kuti ikulitse bizinesi yake yopanga magetsi ku Asia.
Kampani ya Lightsource bp, yomwe ndi kampani yogwirizana ndi BP, ikuyembekeza kumaliza ntchito yaikulu ya 1 GW ya mphamvu ya dzuwa ku France pofika chaka cha 2026 kudzera mu kampani yake yothandizana nayo. Kampaniyo idzagwirizananso ndi Contact Energy, imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu aboma ku New Zealand, pa ntchito zingapo zamagetsi a dzuwa ku New Zealand.
Cholinga cha Net Zero Emission Chimalimbikitsa Kukula kwa Ukadaulo wa CCUS/CCS
Mosiyana ndi makampani amafuta aku Europe, makampani amafuta aku America amakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri pakusunga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusunga mpweya wa carbon (CCUS) ndipo saganizira kwambiri mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphamvu ya mphepo.
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka, ExxonMobil inalonjeza kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon womwe umatuluka m'mabizinesi ake apadziko lonse lapansi kufika pa zero pofika chaka cha 2050, ndipo ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana $15 biliyoni pakusintha mphamvu zobiriwira m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zikubwerazi. Mu kotala yoyamba, ExxonMobil inafika pa chisankho chomaliza choyika ndalama. Akuti idzayika ndalama zokwana $400 miliyoni kuti iwonjezere malo ake osungira mpweya ku Labaki, Wyoming, zomwe ziwonjezera matani ena 1.2 miliyoni pa mphamvu yosunga mpweya wa carbon yomwe ilipo pachaka ya pafupifupi matani 7 miliyoni.
Chevron idayika ndalama mu Carbon Clean, kampani yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri paukadaulo wa CCUS, komanso idagwirizana ndi Earth Restoration Foundation kuti ipange maekala 8,800 a nkhalango yosungiramo mpweya ku Louisiana ngati pulojekiti yake yoyamba yochotsera mpweya. Chevron idalowanso mu Global Maritime Decarburization Center (GCMD), ndipo idagwiranso ntchito limodzi mtsogolo muukadaulo wosunga mafuta ndi mpweya kuti ikweze makampani otumiza katundu kuti akwaniritse cholinga chopanda phindu. Mu Meyi, Chevron idasaina pangano logwirizana ndi Tallas Energy Company kuti ikhazikitse mgwirizano wopanga ——Bayou Bend CCS, malo osungiramo mpweya ku Texas.
Posachedwapa, Chevron ndi ExxonMobil motsatana adasaina mapangano ndi kampani ya mafuta ya dziko la Indonesia (Pertamina) kuti afufuze mwayi wamabizinesi omwe amawononga mpweya woipa kwambiri ku Indonesia.
Kuyesera kwa mafakitale kwa Total Energy kwa 3D kukuwonetsa njira yatsopano yopezera carbon dioxide kuchokera ku ntchito zamafakitale. Pulojekitiyi ku Dunkirk cholinga chake ndi kutsimikizira njira zothetsera mavuto obwezerezedwanso a ukadaulo wopezera carbon ndipo ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri yochotsera carbon dioxide.
CCUS ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse lapansi komanso gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira zothetsera mavuto padziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zopangira ukadaulo uwu kuti apange mwayi wopititsa patsogolo chuma chatsopano cha mphamvu.
Kuphatikiza apo, mu 2022, Total Energy idayesetsanso kupanga mafuta oyendera ndege okhazikika (SAF), ndipo nsanja yake ya Normandy yayamba bwino kupanga SAF. Kampaniyo imagwirizananso ndi Nippon Oil Company popanga SAF.
Monga njira yofunika kwambiri yosinthira mpweya wochepa mwa kupeza makampani amafuta apadziko lonse lapansi, Total yawonjezera mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa za 4 GW mwa kupeza American Core Solar. Chevron yalengeza kuti igula REG, gulu la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, pa $3.15 biliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndalama yayikulu kwambiri pa mphamvu zina kuposa kale lonse.
Mkhalidwe wovuta padziko lonse lapansi komanso mliri sizinalepheretse kusintha kwa mphamvu kwa makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi. "World Energy Transformation Outlook 2022" ikunena kuti kusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi kwapita patsogolo. Poyang'anizana ndi nkhawa za anthu, eni masheya, ndi zina zotero komanso phindu lowonjezeka la ndalama zomwe zayikidwa mu mphamvu zatsopano, kusintha kwa mphamvu kwa makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi amafuta kukupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono pamene akuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu ndi zinthu zopangira zinthu zikukhalabe ndi chitetezo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-04-2022